Conditional Logic - If / Else

What Is a Control Structure?

A control structure is a way to tell your program to do something only if a certain condition is met. Think of it like a switch: the wire (your variable) is connected to a light only if a specific condition is true. If the condition isn’t met, the light stays off.

The if Statement

The simplest control structure in JavaScript is the if statement. It checks a condition, and if that condition is true, the code inside the if block runs.

For example:

if (number === 10) {
  console.log("Number is 10");
}

Notice we use the strict equality operator (===). As you remember from the previous module, this operator checks that the value is exactly equal to 10 (its data type and value both match).

The if-else Statement

Sometimes, you want your program to do one thing when a condition is true, and something else when it isn’t. That’s where the if-else statement comes in. It works like this:

if (condition) {
  // Code if the condition is true
} else {
  // Code if the condition is false
}

For instance, you might check if someone is old enough to vote:

let age = 16;
if (age >= 18) {
  console.log("You are an adult.");
} else {
  console.log("You are a minor.");
}

Exercises